Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Lightly grease two baking sheets or line with parchment paper.
In the bowl of a stand mixer, use a whisk attachment to cream 1 cup salted butter and 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar together until light and fluffy, or use a hand mixer. Mix in 2 eggs and 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, scraping the sides and bottom of the bowl so that everything gets mixed in.
Switch your mixer attachment to a paddle or dough hook. Mix in 3 cups all-purpose flour, 2 teaspoons cream of tartar, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 3/4 teaspoon salt, and 1/4 teaspoon baking soda until everything is mixed in.
In a small bowl, stir together 1/4 cup granulated sugar and 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon.
Pinch off 1 tablespoon of dough. Roll into a ball and gently roll in the cinnamon sugar mixture. Repeat until all dough is rolled into balls and coated in cinnamon sugar.
Place cookies on the prepared baking sheets 2 inches apart. Bake in the preheated oven for 8-10 minutes. Remove from oven and cool for 2-3 minutes on the pan before carefully removing to cool completely on a cooling rack.